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:''For the history of the site see in chronological order Maresha, Beit Guvrin, Eleutheropolis, Bethgibelin, Bayt Jibrin, Kibbutz Beit Guvrin and Beit Guvrin National Park'' Bayt Jibrin ((アラビア語:بيت جبرين), also transliterated ''Beit Jibrin''; ), was a Palestinian Arab village located northwest of the city of Hebron. The village had a total land area of 56,185 dunams or , of which were built-up while the rest remained farmland.〔Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945''. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. (50 )〕〔Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. ''Village Statistics, April, 1945.'' Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. ( 143 )〕 During the 8th century BCE, the village was part of the Kingdom of Judah. During the days of Jewish king Herod the town was the administrative center for the district of Idumea. After the turmoil of the First Jewish-Roman War and the Bar Kokhba revolt the town became a thriving Roman colony and a major administrative center under the name of Eleutheropolis. In the early 7th century CE, Bayt Jibrin was conquered by Muslim forces led by 'Amr ibn al-'As. Under the Crusaders in the 12th century, it had a population of 1,500, compared to 100-150 in the average village of the time.〔''The Fall of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem'', Joshua Prawer, Israel Argosy, p.186, Jerusalem Post Press, Jerusalem, 1956〕 It fell to the Mamluks and then the Ottoman Turks. In the 19th century, the al-'Azza family took control of Bayt Jibrin and unsuccessfully attempted to rebel against the Ottomans, ending in the exile and execution of local leaders. Under the British Mandate of Palestine, Bayt Jibrin again served as a district center for surrounding villages. It was captured by Israeli forces during the 1948 War, causing its inhabitants to flee eastward. Today, many of the refugees of Bayt Jibrin and their descendants live in the Bayt Jibrin and Fawwar camps in the southern West Bank. The kibbutz of Beit Guvrin was established on Bayt Jibrin's lands in 1949. The underground caves of Bayt Jibrin have been listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.〔( Region of the Caves & Hiding: bet Guvrin-Maresha ). UNESCO World Heritage Centre.〕 ==Name== The town was renamed over the centuries. Its Aramaic name ''Beth Gabra'', preserved by the geographer Ptolemy in the Greek variation of Βαιτογάβρα (Baitogabra), translates as the "house of the () man" or "house of the mighty one".〔Sharon, 1999, p. (109 ), following Robinson, 1856, p.28 nn,1 and 6.〕 The antecedent might be seen in the name of an Edomite king: Ḳaus-gabri or Kauš-Gabr, found on an inscription of Tiglathpileser III.〔Peters, 1905, p. 7.〕 The Romans gave it a Greek name, ''Eleutheropolis'' (Ἐλευθερόπολις), meaning "City of the Free".〔(Biblical Researches in Palestine and the Adjacent Regions: A Journal of ... ) Edward Robinson, Eli Smith〕〔(1911 encyclopedia.org )〕 In the Peutinger Tables in 393 CE, Bayt Jibrin was called ''Beitogabri''. In the Talmud, compiled between the 3rd and 4th centuries, it was known as Beit Gubrin (or Guvrin).〔 To the Crusaders, it was known as ''Bethgibelin'' or ''Gibelin''.〔Jean Richard (1921) "The Crusaders c1071-c1291" reprinted 2001 Cambridge University Press ISBN 0-521-62566-1 p. 140〕〔''The Guide to Israel'', Zev Vilnay, Hamakor Press, Jerusalem 1972, p.276〕 Another name in medieval times may have been ''Beit Jibril'', meaning "house of Gabriel".〔 In Arabic, ''Bayt Jibrin'' or ''Jubrin'' (بيت جبرين) means "house of the powerful",〔Khalidi, 1992, pp. 209-210.〕 reflecting its original Aramaic name.〔 and the town was probably called Bayt Jibrin or Beit Jibril throughout its rule by various Muslim dynasties. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bayt Jibrin」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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